BACKGROUND: The mechanism by which high-voltage electrical stimulation (HVPC) acts on edema reduction is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of HVPC with negative polarity (-) applied to the ankle of rats with acute joint inflammation. METHOD: Sixty-four rats were divided into four groups (n=16): inflamed+HVPC(-), 0.03 mL application of ι-carrageenan (3%) to the tibiotarsal joint plus HVPC(-); inflamed+HVPC placebo, carrageenan application and HVPC placebo; normal+HVPC(-), HVPC application(-); and normal control, no intervention. The HVPC(-) 100 Hz at a submotor level was applied daily for 45 min on three consecutive days. The variables were pain, hind-foot volume, and serum histamine and albumin assessed before and during the 48 hours following inflammation. The variables were compared using the t test, one-way ANOVA, nested ANOVA for repeated measures, and the post hoc Bonferroni test. Analysis of covariance was applied to adjust the effects of HVPC(-) by measurements of pain, inflammation, albumin, and histamine at 24 h, and the final weight was compared to the other groups. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There were no differences between the inflamed+HVPC(-) and inflamed+HVPC placebo groups in terms of pain or edema (p>0.05). Albumin was reduced in the groups that received the intervention, but there was no differences between them. There was only a 24 hour increase in histamine with the normal+HVPC(-) (p=0.0001) and inflamed+HVPC placebo groups (p=0.01) compared to the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that HVPC(-) with the parameters employed did not reduce pain or edema and did not change serum albumin or histamine levels,, which indicates the inability of this resource to have a positive effect when treating treat acute joint inflammation.

Las manifestaciones de hierro oolítico en los alrededores de Mitú -Vaupés- están asociadas a los perfiles de meteorización del Complejo Migmatítico de Mitú (CMM) lo que permite clasificarlos como lateritas. Las lateritas ferruginosas oolíticas constan de un horizonte superior de oolitos sueltos o poco consolidados, de un horizonte intermedio de costras ferruginosas de oolitos subesféricos cementados por óxidos de hierro, de cuarzo de tamaño arena, y de un horizonte inferior de costras esferoidales de mineral de hierro oolítico que pasan gradualmente a un núcleo de granitoide. Las lateritas que afloran en un área aproximada de 583 km², tienen valores de Fe2O3 entre 35% y 66% para el 59% de las muestras obtenidas en apiques a lo largo de la vía Mitú - Monforth; además muestran enriquecimiento en titanio, hierro y aluminio, con respecto a la roca parental Granitoide, el MnO conserva valores similares a la roca fresca mientras que los valores de Na2O, CaO, K2O y MgO indican que se empobrecen en sílice y en estos elementos

The appearance of oolitic iron nearby Mitu (Vaupes) are related to the weathering profiles of the Complejo Mitu (CMM) and so they can be classify as laterites. These iron bearing oolitic laterite made of an upper horizon of loose or slightly consolidated oolites and intermediate horizon of ferruginous crust made of sub spherical oolites cemented by iron oxides, sand size quartz and lower horizon of spheroidal crusts of oolitic iron varies gradually to a core of granitoid. The laterites outcrop in an area of circa 583 km² where for 59 % of the samples collected in apiques made along the road Mitú-Montforth; the Fe2O3 values varied between 35 % and 66 %, futher more these sample are enriched in titanium, iron aluminium in relation to the granitoid parental rock, values of MnO are similar with those observed in the fresh rock, whereas the values of Na2O, CaO, K2O and MgO show that the samples are depleted in silica and in these elements.

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: A eficácia da estimulação elétrica de alta voltagem (EEAV) em humanos, como uma forma de tratamento para controlar o edema e a dor pós-traumáticos, ainda não foi estabelecida. OBJETIVO: Analisar o efeito da adição da EEAV ao tratamento convencional do pós-entorse de tornozelo em humanos. MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico controlado e aleatorizado, duplo cego com três grupos de intervenção: grupo controle (GC) com tratamento convencional; tratamento convencional EEAV(-) e polaridade negativa EEAV (-); tratamento convencional e EEAV polaridade positiva EEAV(+). Vinte e oito portadores de entorse lateral do tornozelo (2 a 96 horas pós-trauma) foram avaliados. O tratamento convencional consistiu em crioterapia (20 minutos) e exercício terapêutico. Adicionalmente, os grupos EEAV(-) e EEAV(+) receberam 30 minutos de estimulação elétrica (nível submotor, 120pps). As variáveis de dor, edema, amplitude de movimento (ADM) e marcha foram avaliadas antes da primeira sessão de tratamento e após a última sessão de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação final, não houve diferenças significativas entre os três grupos. Porém, os indivíduos do grupo EEAV(-) demonstraram valores superiores em todos os parâmetros de avaliação. A análise dos dados mostrou que o EEAV(-) apresentou maior redução do volume e do perímetro, maior recuperação da ADM e da cadência da marcha. Esse grupo também alcançou o término de tratamento mais rápido (1,7 semanas [1,2-2,2]), comparado com o EEAV(+) e o GC (2,2 semanas [1,8-2,6]). CONCLUSÕES: Não houve diferença entre os grupos estudados, mas os resultados sugerem que a EEAV(-) pode contribuir para acelerar a recuperação do entorse de tornozelo em sua fase inicial.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC) treatments in humans as a means of controlling edema and post-traumatic pain has not yet been established. Objective: To analyze the effects of HVPC plus conventional treatment on lateral ankle sprains. METHODS: This was a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial with three intervention groups: CG (control group with conventional treatment); HVPC(-) group (conventional treatment plus negative polarity HVPC); HVPC(+) group (conventional treatment plus positive polarity HVPC). Twenty-eight participants with lateral ankle sprain (2 to 96h post-trauma) were evaluated. Conventional treatment consisted of cryotherapy (20min) plus therapeutic exercises. Additionally, the HVPC(-) and HVPC(+) groups received 30min of electrical stimulation (submotor level; 120 pps). Pain, edema, range of motion (ROM) and gait were assessed before the first treatment session and after the last treatment session. RESULTS: At the final evaluation, there were no significant differences between groups. Nevertheless, the HVPC(-) group had greater values in all assessed parameters. The data analysis showed that the HVPC(-) group had greater reductions in volume and girth, and greater recovery of ROM and gait velocity. This group also reached the end of the treatment (1.7 weeks; range 1.2-2.2) faster than the HVPC(+) group and the CG (2.2 weeks; range 1.8-2.6). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences between the study groups, but the results suggest that HVPC(-) can accelerate the initial phase of recovery from ankle sprain.